Schottky Diode.

These diodes are characterized by their switching speed and low voltage drop when they are forward biased. (typically 0.25 to 0.4 volts)

UJT or Unijunction transistor

The UJT or Unijunction transistor is constituted by two polluted regions, with three external terminals: two bases and one emitter.

A phototransistor is essentially the same as a common transistor, but it can work in two different ways:

– As a common transistor, using the base current (IB)
– As a phototransistor, using the light that illuminates this element and that acts as the base current. (IP).

What is a Zener diode?

The Zener diode is a special type of diode that allows the flow of current on the opposite direction of the arrow of the diode. This diode does not conduct until the applied voltage reaches or is greater of the breakdown voltage. Zener diode is very popular as Voltage reference element.

How to increase output Voltage on 78XX Regulators?

Using a zener diode to boost the output voltage on a 7805, 7809, 7812, 7815, ….regulators.

DIAC (Diode for Alternating Current)

DIAC is a bidirectional trigger diode, designed to trigger TRIAC and thyristors. DIAC is a voltage-triggered device

What is a PUT?

PUT – Programmable Unijunction Transistor. Main characteristics. PUT and UJT. Oscillator circuit design and waveforms. Frequency formula

Non-inverting Operational Amplifier (opamp).

How to find the voltage gain (formula). How to find the Input impedance (Zi) and output impedance (Zo) of a non-inverting operational amplifier.

What is a Photodiode? Light Detector Diode.

Photodiode looks similar to the common LED, but it has a feature that makes it very special. It is a device that converts light into electric current.

Operational Amplifier as Comparator (voltage comparator)

Operational Amplifier as comparator. Op-Amp can work as comparator when the differential gain in open loop is high and the speed is not a critical factor

The SBS – Silicon Bidirectional Switch is a symmetrical low power device used on trigger applications. The SBS is more versatile than the SIDAC.

It also has an additional terminal, which allows you to modify its trigger characteristics with small pulses of current.

What is a 7-segment Display?

The 7-segment display, is a component used to represent numbers in many electronic devices.

Today, it is very common to find LCDs in much electronic equipment, but there are many that still use the 7-segment display for its simplicity.