Zener diode Voltage regulator calcutation

A Zener diode Voltage regulator calcutation is made using a simple circuit of a resistor /Rs) and a Zener diode (Z).

This two elements values and characteristics are obtained using special formulas

JK Flip-Flop – PRESET & CLEAR Inputs – Truth Table

The JK Flip-Flop is a sequential device with 3 inputs (J, K, CLK (clock signal)) and 2 outputs (Q and Q’). J and K are control inputs.

What is a wirewound resistor?

A Wirewound resistor is a resistor made with a conductive wire of a high resistivity. This wire is made of a special alloy and it is wound on a support tube of refractory material such as ceramics, porcelain, etc.

Transformerless Power Supply Circuit We will use a zener diode among other elements to acheive the Transformerless Power Supply circuit. This  means that our power supply will give a limited range current value (it will be a maximum and a minimum posible current that the power supply circuit can deliver). This power suply must be permanently connected to the circuit as a whole […]

NAND gate using transistors

This NAND gate using transistors circuit simulates the operation of a two or more inputs NAND gate. (There is a diode for each input. D1, D2, …)

TRIAC. Power control on alternating current (AC)

Triac is a semiconductor device that belongs to the family of thyristor control devices. It is essentially two SCR connected in parallel and backwards, sharing the same gate.

OR and AND logic gates made with diodes

The Diode Logic uses the fact that the diodes conduct only in one direction. (they behave like switches)

UJT or Unijunction transistor

The UJT or Unijunction transistor is constituted by two polluted regions, with three external terminals: two bases and one emitter.

Inverting Summing Amplifier using Op Amp

The inverting summing amplifier using op amp outputs a voltage equal to the sum of the voltages it has in its inputs. The following explanation is based on an adder of three inputs, but applies to an adder of any number of inputs

Op-Amp Voltage follower (Buffer)

To better understand the operation of a Op-Amp Voltage follower (Buffer), we must remember the operation of a Op-Amp non-inverting amplifier.

Full wave rectifier using center tapped transformer

This full wave rectifier requires a center tapped transformer. This additional end on the secondary winding of the transformer divides the voltage in this winding into two equal voltages. This additional end is grounded.

XOR logic gate

In digital electronics there are special gates. One of them is the XOR logic gate or exclusive OR gate. Equivalent XOR Logic Gate using common logic gates