Electronics Area – Electrical and Electronics Tutorials and Circuits
Welcome to Electronics Area
Electrical and Electronics Tutorials and Circuits
Recent posts
Phase Shift Oscillator
The Phase Shift Oscillator The phase shift oscillator, whose basic structure is described in the picture 1.a has a a negative gain amplifier (-K) and a feedback network consisting of a third order…
Wien-bridge Oscillator with Op Amp
Wien-bridge Oscillator using Op-Amp The Wien-bridge oscillator, as shown on the basic outline of the diagram below, consists of an Operational Amplifier (OA) in a non-inverting configuration with gain 1+R2/R1 and a RC…
Nonlinear Amplitude Control of a Sinusoidal Oscillator
Nonlinear Amplitude Control of a Sinusoidal Oscillator In any practical oscillator, the loop gain (ßA) must be slightly greater than unity to prevent that the tolerance parameters of components, aging, temperature…
Sinusoidal oscillators – Basic principles
Sinusoidal Oscillators Sinusoidal oscillators play an important role in electronic systems that use harmonic signals. Despite that, in many instances are known as linear oscillators, it is necessary to use some non-linear…
Signal Generators
Introduction to Signal Generators The function of a signal generator is to produce time a dependent signal with some special characteristics of frequency, amplitude and shape. Sometimes these features are controlled externally throughout control…
MOSFET transistor – Saturation and breakdown regions
Saturation region of a N channel Mosfet transistor The NMOSFET transistor behaves as a voltage controlled current source VGS. Check the following equations: where ß = K (W/L) In this region, the quadratic…
JFET Saturation and Breakdown regions
JFET Saturation and Breakdown regions The JFET Saturation region In this region the JFET has some linear features that are used in amplification. These features are similar to those of a BJT in the…
JFET Cutoff and Linear regions
JFET Cutoff and Linear regions JFET Cutoff region In this region the current flowing from the Drain to the Source terminals of the JFET is zero (ID = 0). In this case, the voltage between…
Microwave Oven History
Microwave Oven History The microwave oven was discovered in 1947 by Percy Spencer. Mr. Percy Spencer, an engineer of the Raytheon Company, was carrying in his jacket pocket a bar of…
What is a Binary Decoder?
The binary decoder is a device that accepts a digital input (in binary form) and it activates one of its outputs. This device has several outputs, and the one that is activated is chosen by the code applied to the inputs.
What is a Logic Circuit?
A Logic circuit uses two logic levels to transfer the information. A high logic level or “1” and a low logic level or “0”. The Logic circuits are made of digital elements such as the AND gate, the OR gate, the NOT gate and a combinations of them.
Polarization of a conducting material
If an electric field is close to a metallic body, part of it is positively charged and other part negatively charged