Power Supplies

This full wave rectifier requires a center tapped transformer. This additional end on the secondary winding of the transformer divides the voltage in this winding into two equal voltages. The additional end is grounded.

The half-wave rectifier rectification process. Polarization of semiconductor diode in the forward and in the reverse direction. Input and output waveforms

This circuit is designed to connect to a specific circuit because it can only provide a maximum and minimum current.

Many electronic circuits need a direct current (DC) voltage source, but what we commonly find are voltage sources of alternating current (AC). In order to achieve a direct current voltage source, the alternating current input must follow a conversion process.

Voltage sources, whether batteries, generators, etc., are not ideal (perfect). A real voltage source is composed of an ideal voltage source in series with a resistance called internal resistance.

Current Limiter circuit for a Power Supply using a transistor and a resistor.

If the load current exceeds its maximum, an over current protection is needed

Voltage regulators (linear, switching) provide a stable and fixed voltage output to give energy to electronics circuits from an unregulated power source

Explanation of a transistorized voltage regulator. Zener diode and transistor voltage regulator circuit diagram

The electric current is a flow of electrons that flow through a conductor cable. Electrons are negatively charged, and like two magnets that we want to put together, negative side with negative side or positive side with positive side, they repel.

Types of cells / batteries. Primary batteries (non-rechargeable): Dry, mercury, alkaline. Secondary batteries (rechargeable): Nickel-Cadmium Alkaline, Lead