12 VDC to -12 VDC converter circuit with a 555 IC.

This 12 VDC to -12 VDC converter circuit gives -12VDC (negative 12 volts) from a power source of + 12VDC (positive 12 volts), with very few components.

This 9VDC source using zener and transistor can be used to power circuits or electronic devices that would normally use a 9 volt battery, saving us the cost of the battery while being used at home.

There are times when the amount of current that is required of a power supply exceeds its potential.

If the current demand is very high, the pass transistor of the voltage regulator may be damaged. On these cases it is necessary that the circuit has an overcurrent protection.

The half-wave rectifier rectification process.

Polarization of semiconductor diode in the forward and in the reverse direction. Input and output waveforms

Transistor – Zener diode Voltage regulator circuit

This circuit delivers an output voltage established by the voltage of the zener diode less 0.7 volts. The 0.7 volts is the average voltage drop between the base and the emitter of a transistor. (Vbe)